Children socialization by television in India
It is true that many children and their parents know television as a tool having fun and entertainment, but in fact TV is one of the most important media in the process of the socialization of children, and it has in fact a very highly great social influence on the norms and regulations that children usually stick into. It also performs as a tracing model for the many of the actions children do and their very real correspondence to the real life they mainly follow in their society.
Television has this ability to justify the level of materials needed for children, which is it can at times simplify many of the concepts that might appear difficult to children while learning. It has to be taken into serious consideration that most of these materials are presented in non-verbal forms, while being highly successful in injecting the concepts in a way it likes.
Socialization usually defines, as a process that is applied to unit behaviors, reactions, norms, customs, beliefs and religious thought by sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists, politicians and educationalists. It prepares the new person and new generation of communities with the common behaviors, skills and samples that essential procedure for participating within their own society.( Bhatia,p,2006)
Socialization, however, is a slow process, which is formed through the normal life cycle of people in all society, and which may or may not phenomenon or out come with awareness. Individuals have some ideas and views on certain matters, such as completion activity or issues regarding money, may be socialized through a community. Many scientific theories explain that socialization make a modern society with common ideas and acts.
The most important issues and main status of socialising children is the basic role and total concern of parents and the family. However, in the contemporary community, postmodern society mainly has changed, thus omitting the roles of some of the socialisation agencies and strengthening others. This is necessary to find the priority hierarchy agency of socialisation in postmodern society. There needs to be a critical analysis on the five agencies in socialising children. These agencies are member of family, the all level of school, peers in the different age levels, religion and its expanded aspects and finally the most recent one television and other units of media.
Children are basic members and real consumers in their family. Scientific research shows that children affect with considerable power as buyers, and their diffusions on other members of family to how to purchase goods and services, their selections go beyond paint books and toys. According to some researches, the typical child in India that is showed to some TV advertisements during a year, and these children consumers (between four and twelve) spent a great amount of their own money. They apply a deep influence on their parents" decision-making and money spending.( Bhatia,p,2006)
In God We Trust
What Are the Main weaknesses Of Bollywood Cinema
Introduction
According to the Central statistic organization of India (2007) the total number of films which are released in India in every year are about one thousand feature films. These figures and statistic data assert that Bollywood in India is the largest movie producing film industry in the world. Those films are not only screened in India but also in other regions of Asia, east Africa, Britain, Canada, Australia, the United States and the eastern Europe countries. There are many characteristics in Indian films that form the distinctions between these kinds of films and others. Some of these features strengthen the Indian films and others weaken them. These characteristics of films can be divided in two groups, content structures and appearance structures.
Film is central to the success of a nation and in unifying the audience despite linguistic, cultural or regional differences. It is usually has been claimed which the two things that integrated the Indian nation are cricket and Bollywood. But the successes of Bollywood in the international scenes have different reason. Some of these reasons create and rise by removing the last weaknesses of Indian films, which will be referred in this essay. ( Nandy, A. 1999)
The main issues that will be argued briefly are, Cost problems in the process of film producing, color, the narrative structure, social problems and taboos, entertainment performance, Indian customs, the presentation of culture variety, political issues, gender, and the clash between modernity and Asian tradition. In the second part negative point of narrative structure and other weaknesses of Bollywood film in late of 20th century especially will be analyzed.
Analysis argument about weaknesses of the Bollywood films
One of the main bollywood film weaknesses is the emphasize the coin story, film of these films on the specific topic as it relates to the struggle of good and evil. One side is all that is good, and another side all that is evil.The struggle between good and evil has been existed at all of society in human history and continues so far. Is this because both good and bad people exist or is it because specific circumstances can elicit a struggle between good and evil in individuals. The conflict emphasize on the latter interpretations and will, first of this explanation, discover what is defined by "evil" and how it has been conceptualized in every film. Good and evil is an inherent section of the nature of every human being and this feature is cleared in private individual behavior when it is manifested by responding and any reaction to specific social condition.
Disadvantages and decreasing negative effects
What a little child mainly learns from TV goes back to the essence of the programs he/she mostly watches. Not differentiating the rates of the programs in regard to the audience it has, could actually end into vary bad results. That is many of the standard ratings, i.e. PG, G, NC-17, when not taken seriously would end into bad impacts on the minds of children, regardless of the accurateness of these currently available ratings in the MPAA system. Brutality, violence, profanities, thematic imageries, etc. are the most common issues children are exposed to while following a program not suitable for them.
Due to the very lasting established relationships between children and the television, a great part of the personality of the kids is shaped and formed through the channel of television, meaning that TV forms their thoughts and ideas both verbally and non-verbally. One more important point that indicates the problem dramatically is the not well-shaped personality of children in early stages of life. Thiscital factor means that they act mainly as blank slate and everything by everybody might and in fact can shape their understanding of the world. Unfortunately, in this very case, children do not have the power to resist the influences, and even if they have such a thing, they are not ably to recognize the truth and the essence of the intended programs.
Using these methods, one can reduce the negative effects of King Telly better:
1. Parents have to accompany their children while they - children - are watching a program. In these times, parents have to elaborate on strange concepts or any unsuitable area for their children, while explaining any puzzleing happening in the course of the story.
2. Parents have to confine their children in watching television by providing them with alternative choice, which are more entertaining and eye-catching for children. These positive activities could be going to amusement parks, or following a short trip in search of discovering new things.
3. De-privatization of television and its usage for children. This means that parents has to set the TV in a place which is accessible to all, rather than placing it in their kid"s bedroom.
4. Parents can guide their child to act selective in choosing some TV programs. How to select a TV-show, for example, can be really helpful for children.
5. Parents can also provide their children with similar alternative choices. For instance, they can give their child a recorded cartoon to watch while an adult movie is being shown in one of the channels he/she wants to watch.
6. Parents should make their children aware of the real intentions behind each screen. This can help child to understand that the world of characters, their dialogues, and their actions differ from the real meaning of the program.
In The name Of God the Beneficent the Merciful
Relativism in Pragmatism as Practical Methodology
Abstract
Pragmatism as a new philosophical school is intelligible for public. Different issues are discussed in pragmatism without the complicated expressing or misleading reasoning. In reverse, the classical philosophy and even many new philosophical schools have problematic arguments. This school can be applied as an effective method with more appropriate and functional status in the scholarship affairs. Pragmatism is compared with two basic schools of philosophy, Idealism and Realism by library research method. Strengths and weaknesses of this school are determined in the compared process. Extreme relativism and indefinite variables and principles are expressed as its main disadvantage. Ultimately, pragmatism is defined as useful method with resolving this problem by deion of variables and principles.
Key words
Pragmatism, philosophical school, Relativism, Indefinite variables, indefinite principles
Introduction
It is a historical reality that Pragmatism is justification for American development. This philosophical school present the approaches of thinking about progressing and industrializing of the USA by a philosophical framework. This field of scientific tradition began in the United State on the late 19th century and early 20th century. Three scientists can be mentioned as great scholar had been influenced on pragmatism, Charles Sanders pierce, William James and John Dewey.
Pragmatists intend to reform the schools of philosophy and bring them more in line with the practical ways as they understood it. They discussed that Realist and Idealist philosophy wanted to present universal knowledge as concepts beyond what general science could got it. It is a main issue in pragmatism that inference does not have power in the recognition of knowledge and awareness of conceptual world is configured by methods of inference from practical world.
In pragmatic school, theory and practice are not two distinct phenomena. Concepts and theories are tools for using to get most utility in the world. That is to note that, the basic tenets of pragmatism originate from intellectualizing practice not practices intelligence. Theory is a consequence from direct practice and it ultimately should return to basic practice.
While human"s needs should be satisfied, Experience would be emergence. It is necessary which is explained all section of experience consist of connections, concepts, meaning not expressing them away and defining empirical information as ultimate reality. Pragmatism presents no basic difference between facts and values or between practical and theoretical arguments
IN THE NAME OF GOD THE BENEFICENT THE MERCIFUL
Paradigm and paradigm shift
Although paradigm canno t be defined completely like other theoretical concepts and
cannot be put into words in a limited boundary of phrases and despite scientists present
different definitions of paradigm .But it is possible that common points of those
definitions are deduced as a general definition of paradigm. These common points are:
1-Key assumptions, concepts, values, experiments, theories and laws that are
formed a conceptual framework in specific period of knowledge.
2-A set of beliefs and rules or a list of fundamental idea that generally accepted
by scientists and philosophers in a specific age of knowledge.
3-A disciplinary matrix and space which is assembled by inflectional
forms of thought, theory, theoretical patterns or models that scholars and
scientists activate and examine in this framework.
Paradigm bears resemblance to constitutional law in a country that until this
constitutional law has validity, the whole persons must obey it.
There are many examples to clarify meaning of paradigm and fundamental
change of paradigm which is called paradigm shift. One of these
examples illustrates a paradigm shift in modern India; from a socialist
economy to open market policy.
After the ending of colonialism and in the period of the
Independence of India, the major economic theorists of India, which
were free from any colonialism-related concerns in that time, might be
grouped into two categories. The first group were theorists under
the influence of the politics of colonialism and exploitation kept away
from the economic ideas of countries like England, and were in favor of a simple
style of living. They, including Mahatma Gandhi and politicians approving
him, supported socialistic economic politics having the government as
the core to these activities. The other group, Nehru and his followers, believed
following the capitalistic economic system to be the only way to free
people from the problems of poverty. In a chronological classification, one
would observe that in the first four decades after the Independence of India
that is up to the beginning of the 90s the dominant thought was that of the
first group of theorists. From that time till now, one could see that Indian
politicians have more tendency towards capitalistic economy. This policy
exactly started the time that the current prime minister of India, Manhuman
Singh, was in charge of the ministry of treasury.
In
